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Agrawal, Hemant
- Reducing environmental hazards of blasting using electronic detonators in a large opencast coal project - a case study
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mining Engineering, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad, IN
2 Director, Central Institute of Mine and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, IN
1 Department of Mining Engineering, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad, IN
2 Director, Central Institute of Mine and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 67, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 345-350Abstract
The core objectives of Indian Ministry of Coal in its vision statement is securing the availability of coal to meet the demand of different sector of economy in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner. Coal India produced 567.37 million tonnes of raw coal in 2017-18 out of which contribution from opencast mines was 536.82 million tonnes (i.e. 95%). Deep hole blasting for high capacity excavators like draglines, 20 cum shovels becomes imperative for achieving high production targets. Thus, environmental hazards associated with deep hole blasting is also bound to happen. One of the serious problems faced by deep hole blasting is that of ground vibrations. In Khadia opencast coal project the power plants, Rihand dam is in vicinity and local population in and around mines, controlling ground vibration was of paramount importance for the project. Hence, it became a challenge for reduction of environmental hazards involving deep hole blast for dragline; shovels using electronic detonators, for providing precision delay and maximizing the vibration of explosive energy. The blast design parameters using electronic detonator for various blasts of dragline benches were tried to know the resultant profile of ground vibrations near human settlement of Khadia project. This has also resulted in improvement of powder factor (volume of rock fragmentation per kg of explosive used). This paper deals with, as to how the environmental impacts due to ground vibrations of rock blasting, are reduced resulting in no complaints for dwellers and any authorities in and around Khadia project.
References
- Agrawal H. and Mishra A.K. (2017): ‘Evolution of digital detonators as an intelligent tool for control blasting in Indian mines’, in Annales De Chimie-Science Des Materiaux. Lavoisier 14, Rue De Provigny, 94236 Cachan, France, pp. 157–171.
- Agrawal H. and Mishra A.K. (2018): ‘A Study on Influence of Density and Viscosity of Emulsion Explosive on Its Detonation Velocity’, Modelling Measurement and Control C, 78(03), pp. 316–336. Available at: http://iieta.org/sites/default/files/ Journals/MMC/MMC_C/78.03_05.pdf.
- Agrawal H. and Mishra A.K. (2018a): ‘Evaluation of initiating system by measurement of seismic energy dissipation in surface blasting’, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11(13), p. 345. doi: 10.1007/s12517-018-3683-3.
- Agrawal H. and Mishra A.K. (2018b): ‘Probabilistic analysis on scattering effect of initiation systems and concept of modified charge per delay for prediction of blast induced ground vibrations’, Measurement. Elsevier, 130, pp. 306–317.
- Agrawal H. and Mishra A.K. (2019): ‘Modified scaled distance regression analysis approach for prediction of blast-induced ground vibration in multi-hole blasting’, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Elsevier, 11(1), pp. 202–207.
- Garai D. et al. (2018): ‘Influence of initiation system on blast-induced ground vibration using random forest algorithm, artificial neural network and scaled distance analysis’, Mathematical modelling of Engineering Problems, 5(4), pp. 418–426.
- Mishra A.K. (2013): ‘Unlocking possibility of blasting near residential structure using electronic detonators’, Journal of the Geological Society of India. Springer-Verlag, 81(3), pp. 429–435. doi: 10.1007/s12594-013-0054-2.
- Mishra A.K., Agrawal H. and Raut M. (2019): ‘Effect of aluminum content on detonation velocity and density of emulsion explosives’, Journal of Molecular Modeling. Springer, 25(3), p. 70.
- Mishra A.K., Nigam Y.K. and Singh D.R. (2017): ‘Controlled blasting in a limestone mine using electronic detonators: A case study’, Journal of the Geological Society of India, 89(1), pp. 87–90. doi: 10.1007/s12594-017-0563-5.
- Silva J., Jenks P. and Sharon R. (2016): ‘Improved Signature Hole Analysis for Blast Vibration Control in Open Pit Mines’, 50th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. Houston, Texas: American Rock Mechanics Association.
- Singh P.K. et al. (2016): ‘Rock fragmentation control in opencast blasting’, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Elsevier Ltd, 8(2), pp. 225–237. doi: 10.1016/j. jrmge.2015.10.005.
- Singh P.K., Roy M.P. and Sinha A. (2008): ‘Study on the impact of opencast blasting on surrounding structures in environmentally sensitive areas’, Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi, 24.
- Siskind D.E. et al. (1981): ‘Structure Response and Damage Produced By Ground Vibration From Surface Mine Blasting’, Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations, 8507, p. 86. doi: 10.1016/0148-9062(81)91353-X.
- Yang R. and Lownds M. (2011): ‘Modeling the Effect of Delay Scatter on Peak Particle Velocity of Blast Vibration Using a Multiple Seed Waveform Vibration Model’, International Society of Explosive Engineers, (December), pp. 1–12.
- An Oxygen Balancing Approach to Determine The Extent of Fire in an Underground Coal Mine
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Dy. General Manager, Coal India Limited, Kolkata, IN
2 Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad, IN
3 Deputy Manager, Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited, Ranchi, IN
1 Dy. General Manager, Coal India Limited, Kolkata, IN
2 Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad, IN
3 Deputy Manager, Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited, Ranchi, IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 69, No 11 (2021), Pagination: 389 - 393Abstract
Coal can easily be oxidized and has a prominent self- heating capacity. In underground coal mine, coal has a tendency to combust spontaneously under sufficient oxygen through ventilation. Uncontrolled spontaneous combustion of coal in an underground coal mine is a very serious problem. Spontaneous combustion of coal is one of the major hazard in any underground coal mining operations. If not detected early and managed properly, it can seriously affect the safety of workers and productivity. Thus, fire in underground coal mines need to be detected at an early stage so that effective measures can be taken before the fire assumes a very advanced stage. But detection of spontaneous heating or oxidation to know the status of heating is not a simple task. Gaseous products of spontaneous combustion, such as carbon monoxide, ethylene and hydrogen, are commonly used in coal mines as indicators to reflect the state of the spontaneous combustion. However, use of machineries, gases released from strata and other sources inside the mine also emits carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and other gases when gets intermixed with the gases emitted from spontaneous combustion makes it difficult to assess the extent of fire in the mine. However, combustion of coal is not possible without its oxidation. Underground mines are ventilated by regulated supply of air containing oxygen causing oxidation, which is an exothermic reaction. When the heat released due to oxidation is not dissipated, temperature of coal goes on increasing, and thereby further increasing the rate of oxidation, till it reaches the ignition temperature of coal and cause spontaneous combustion. This study is an attempt to develop an approach to detect the extent of fire in underground mine is developed based on the amount of oxygen consumption or rate of oxidation. Other conventional approaches based on the presence of different gaseous products of combustion like CO, CO2 have the limitations of their sources other than spontaneous combustion or the different gas ratios based on these gases may indicate the stage of heating but the size of fire or in other words, quantity of coal involved in the process of oxidation cannot be estimated or assessed. The proposed approach of determining the extent of fire based on oxygen consumption is more appropriate and helpful in fire emergency planning and reducing the risk due to mine fire hazards.
Keywords
Underground mining; coal; spontaneous combustion; oxygen; fire.References
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- Yang X, Zhen-ping W, Li MA, Xiao-wei Z (2008): Research on correspondence relationship between coal spontaneous combustion index gas and feature temperature [J]. Coal Sci Technol 6:47–51
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- Zhang Y, Li Y, Huang Y, et al (2018): Characteristics of mass, heat and gaseous products during coal spontaneous combustion using TG/DSC–FTIR technology. J Therm Anal Calorim 131:2963–2974
- Assessment and review of maintenance practices in the 4th industrial revolution using the cognitive analytics framework
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Research Scholar, Department of Mining Engineering, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad., IN
2 Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad, IN
3 Research Scholar, Department of Mining Engineering, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad., IN
1 Research Scholar, Department of Mining Engineering, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad., IN
2 Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad, IN
3 Research Scholar, Department of Mining Engineering, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad., IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 67, No 09 (2019), Pagination: 416-423Abstract
This paper reviews past and the prevailing maintenance concepts practiced, evolved with industrial revolutions over the centuries and briefly outlines the cognitive process, methods and framework of tools and techniques which will be used in the days to come. The maintenance practices have continuously evolved in how the equipment was earlier managed using breakdown, corrective, preventive, total productive maintenance, condition-based maintenance, failure analysis reporting, risk-based maintenance and reliability centric maintenance. The core objective of maintenance remained the same “Increase useful life of an asset with minimal costs”. The thinking now has changed from viewing maintenance as “costs” to maintenance as “investments”. In the era of Industry 4.0, the maintenance value chain - an integrated cyber-physical system plays an important role in the maintenance of the mining equipment. A cognitive/AI (Artificial Intelligence) maintenance framework can be an effective tool in optimizing the maintenance programme with minimal costs when compared to the traditional maintenance programme in the industry. The optimal replacement policy can be calculated and determined by the computer to minimize the expected downtime or maximize the expected profit. The minimum expected downtime per unit time and maximum expected profit per unit time can also be determined. This replacement policy and mathematic models can be used as reference to the failure system maintenance and replacement.The evolution from traditional data-driven algorithms to blended intelligent algorithms is helping in developing new optimization models for maintenance management systems.Keywords
Equipment; industrial revolution; breakdown; AI; industry 4.0; cognitiveReferences
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- An Investigation on Emergency Response System During Anjan Hill Coal Mine Disaster Using Control Task Analysis – A Cognitive Approach
Abstract Views :107 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Dy. General Manager (Mining), Coal India Limited, Kolkata, IN
2 Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, IIT (ISM), Dhanbad, IN
3 Deputy Manager (Mining), Central Mine Planning and Design Institute, Ranchi, IN
1 Dy. General Manager (Mining), Coal India Limited, Kolkata, IN
2 Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, IIT (ISM), Dhanbad, IN
3 Deputy Manager (Mining), Central Mine Planning and Design Institute, Ranchi, IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 69, No 12 (2021), Pagination: 445 - 454Abstract
The accidents due to gas and coal dust explosion are one of the most common and serious accidents in underground coal mines. A lot of different scientific and physical indications and signs alarms before any accidents. Disasters management is both reactive and proactive. The proactive management deals with various steps taken to prevent and eliminate any disaster. Whereas, reactive management, on the other hand, deals with the actions taken to reduce the damage caused by a disaster, mitigate sufferings, take up recovery measures, organize rehabilitation, bring normalcy of different operations in the mine, disseminate prompt information to relatives of the victims, civil authorities, print and electronic media and people living nearby. Therefore, in any emergency situation the emergency response system (ERS) plays the most crucial part. An efficient ERS can potentially save an emergency situation to turn into a disaster or serious accident. In this paper, a case study conducting control task analysis (CTA) to investigate into the emergency response system during Anjan hill coal mine disaster is presented. Inquiry reports of Anjan hill coal mine disaster has been used to identify the problem and know the current state of the system. Results of CTA are used to identify constraints in the system. The analysis has brought out recommendations to improve EMS.
Keywords
ERS, CTA, mine disaster, CWA.References
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- Dependency of blast-induced ground vibration on the concentration and distribution of explosive charge in surface blasting
Abstract Views :97 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited, Coal India Limited, IN
2 Department of Mining Engineering, IIT (ISM), Dhanbad, IN
1 Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited, Coal India Limited, IN
2 Department of Mining Engineering, IIT (ISM), Dhanbad, IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 70, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 11-17Abstract
No AbstractKeywords
Blast-induced ground vibration; charge concentration; charge distribution; explosives; peak particle velocity 1References
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